You are searching about Which Of The Following Neurotransmitters Is Classified As A Catecholamine, today we will share with you article about Which Of The Following Neurotransmitters Is Classified As A Catecholamine was compiled and edited by our team from many sources on the internet. Hope this article on the topic Which Of The Following Neurotransmitters Is Classified As A Catecholamine is useful to you.
Which Of The Following Neurotransmitters Is Classified As A Catecholamine
Catecholamines are hormones that the brain, nerve tissues, and adrenal glands produce. The body releases catecholamines in response to emotional or physical stress. Catecholamines are responsible for the body’s “fight-or-flight” response. Dopamine, adrenaline, and noradrenaline are all catecholamines.Unusually high or low levels of individual catecholamines can cause medical issues. High or low levels of multiple catecholamines can indicate a serious underlying medical issue.This article outlines how catecholamines function and what high or low levels may indicate about a person’s health. It also discusses some ways in which a doctor may test a person’s catecholamine levels.Share on PinterestDopamine, adrenaline, and noradrenaline are the main types of catecholamine.Catecholamines are hormones that also function as neurotransmitters. The body produces them in the brain, nerve tissues, and adrenal glands. The adrenal glands are located just above the kidneys. The main types of catecholamine are dopamine, adrenaline, and noradrenaline. These hormones function in the following ways:DopamineThis neurotransmitter sends signals throughout the nervous system. It helps regulate the following: movementemotionsmemorythe brain’s reward mechanismAdrenaline, or epinephrineThis neurotransmitter is responsible for the fight-or-flight response. When a person experiences stress, the body releases adrenaline to allow increased blood flow to the muscles, heart, and lungs. Noradrenaline, or norepinephrineThis neurotransmitter helps the body respond to stress. Noradrenaline release increases a person’s heart rate and blood pressure. It is also involved in mood regulation and the ability to concentrate. Catecholamine levels that are too low or too high can sometimes indicate an underlying health issue. The main reason a doctor will test a person’s catecholamine levels is to check for the presence of certain tumors, such as a neuroendocrine tumor or a neuroblastoma. The following sections will look at these in more detail.Neuroendocrine tumorsNeuroendocrine tumors are those that develop from cells in the hormonal and nervous systems. These tumors can produce high levels of catecholamines. Pheochromocytomas are neuroendocrine tumors present in adrenal glands. Around 80–85% of pheochromocytomas grow in the inner layer of the adrenal glands, while the remaining 15–20% grow outside of this area. Some possible symptoms of a pheochromocytoma include:Although generally benign, some pheochromocytomas may continue to grow without treatment. The symptoms may worsen as the tumor grows, causing possible damage to the kidneys and heart. Tumor growth also increases the risk of a stroke and heart attack.NeuroblastomaA neuroblastoma is a type of cancer that occurs in specialized nerve cells called neuroblasts. Most of the time, this cancer develops in an adrenal gland or in the nerve tissues that run alongside the spinal cord. Neuroblastomas can cause increased levels of catecholamines. Neuroblastomas are the most common cancer in infants and account for 6% of all childhood cancers. They are rare in people over the age of 10. Some possible symptoms of a neuroblastoma include: To test a person’s catecholamine levels, a doctor will order a blood or urine test. A person having a catecholamine urine test will need to collect their urine in a bottle over the course of 24 hours. This bottle contains a small amount of acid that helps preserve the urine. The person should keep the urine sample cool until they can return it to their doctor.A catecholamine blood test involves drawing blood from a person’s arm or hand and sending the sample for analysis.Additional testing Once a doctor receives a person’s catecholamine test results, they can determine whether or not further testing is necessary. Tests for pheochromocytomas can produce false positives. This occurs when the test result indicates that a person has a pheochromocytoma when they do not. Because of this possibility, the doctor will take into account other aspects of a person’s health, such as their:physical conditioncurrent medicationsdietemotional stateIn some cases, the doctor may conduct additional or repeated tests to confirm a diagnosis.If the doctor suspects that a person has a tumor, they will order an imaging test, such as an MRI or CT scan. If imaging tests confirm the presence of a tumor, the doctor may order a biopsy test to determine the tumor type. High or low levels of individual catecholamines can lead to a range of symptoms. The sections below outline these in more detail.Abnormal dopamine levelsHigh dopamine levels may lead to the following symptoms: Chronically high levels of dopamine may be related to the following conditions: Scientists have also linked a lack of dopamine to some degenerative conditions, such as Parkinson’s disease.Abnormal adrenaline levelsA person with high levels of adrenaline may experience the following symptoms:Having low adrenaline levels could inhibit a person’s ability to respond appropriately to stressful situations.Abnormal noradrenaline levelsHigh levels of noradrenaline can cause the following symptoms:panic attackshyperactivityshakingsweatinghigh blood pressurean irregular heartbeata pale facesevere headachesheart or kidney damageLow levels of noradrenaline may cause the following symptoms or conditions:There are a number of medications that can interfere with catecholamine levels and catecholamine testing. These include:epinephrineamphetaminesacetaminophenaspirininsulinappetite suppressantsdiureticsclonidinevasodilatorsblood pressure medications, including ACE inhibitors, methyldopa, and reserpinethe heart medication nitroglycerinpropafenone, which helps treat heart rhythm issuesthe asthma medications aminophylline and theophyllinethe steroid dexamethasonetricyclic antidepressantsthe antidepressant imipraminemonoamine oxidase inhibitorslithiumthe sedative chloral hydratethe antibiotic tetracyclineCaffeine, alcohol, and nicotine can also affect catecholamine levels, as can certain foods, including bananas, pineapples, and peppers. A person who is due to undergo a urine test should avoid these foods for 24 hours beforehand.Treatment options for low or high catecholamine levels depend on the cause. Generally, a doctor will only check a person’s catecholamine levels if they suspect that the person has a tumor or if they want to rule out this possibility. The sections below outline some possible treatment options.Treatment for pheochromocytomaA person who has a pheochromocytoma may need one or more of the following treatments:surgery to remove the tumor and possibly the adrenal glandsradiation therapychemotherapyablation therapy, which uses very hot or cold substances to target and destroy abnormal cellstargeted therapy, which is a treatment that uses drugs or other substances to attack specific cancer cells while leaving normal cells untouchedembolization therapy, which blocks blood flow to the affected adrenal gland, thereby killing the tumorTreatment for neuroblastomaA person who has a neuroblastoma may need one or more of the following treatments:surgery to remove the tumorradiation treatmentchemotherapytargeted therapyimmunotherapy, which is a treatment that helps the body’s own immune system destroy cancer cellsiodine 131-MIBG therapy, in which a doctor injects radioactive iodine into the bloodstream to kill cancerous cellsIn most cases, pheochromocytomas are benign and tend not to spread beyond the place where they originally developed. This type of tumor also tends not to reoccur after removal.Treatment success rates for neuroblastomas depend on the level of risk the tumor presents. A doctor will use the following factors to determine the risk: the stage of the neuroblastoma, which is a measure of how advanced the tumor isthe biology of the neuroblastoma, which includes:the pattern of the tumor cellsthe genes involved in the tumor’s growththe rate at which the tumor cells are growingthe histology of the neuroblastoma, which is a measure of how abnormal the cancer cells look under a microscope and how quickly the cells are likely to grow and spreadthe person’s ageA doctor will use the above factors to determine the risk group to which the neuroblastoma belongs. Low risk and intermediate risk neuroblastomas have a good chance of resolving. However, high risk neuroblastoma may be more difficult to treat.A person should see a doctor if they experience any of the following symptoms:persistent high blood pressurea fast or irregular heartbeattremorsexcessive sweatingsevere headachesThough rare, high catecholamine levels can indicate a tumor, such as a neuroendocrine tumor or neuroblastoma. Extreme levels of individual catecholamines are also associated with certain conditions, such as schizophrenia, ADHD, depression, and Parkinson’s disease.A person should see a doctor if they experience any symptoms of abnormal catecholamine levels. A doctor may order a blood or urine test to determine whether a person’s levels are normal or abnormal. The results of either test will help the doctor determine whether or not further tests and treatments are necessary.
Video about Which Of The Following Neurotransmitters Is Classified As A Catecholamine
Adrenergic (NA or NE) Neurotransmission explained with animation
Noradrenaline (NA) is also known as norepinephrine (NE). In this tutorial I have explained how Adrenergic neurotransmission takes place at actual site.
Synthesis of catecholamines: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h6ElLJPUA80
Cholinergic Neurotransmission: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7AsZCPvEX04
Question about Which Of The Following Neurotransmitters Is Classified As A Catecholamine
If you have any questions about Which Of The Following Neurotransmitters Is Classified As A Catecholamine, please let us know, all your questions or suggestions will help us improve in the following articles!
The article Which Of The Following Neurotransmitters Is Classified As A Catecholamine was compiled by me and my team from many sources. If you find the article Which Of The Following Neurotransmitters Is Classified As A Catecholamine helpful to you, please support the team Like or Share!
Rate Articles Which Of The Following Neurotransmitters Is Classified As A Catecholamine
Rate: 4-5 stars
Ratings: 8760
Views: 26021727
Search keywords Which Of The Following Neurotransmitters Is Classified As A Catecholamine
Which Of The Following Neurotransmitters Is Classified As A Catecholamine
way Which Of The Following Neurotransmitters Is Classified As A Catecholamine
tutorial Which Of The Following Neurotransmitters Is Classified As A Catecholamine
Which Of The Following Neurotransmitters Is Classified As A Catecholamine free
