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Which Of The Following Conditions Is The Most Nutrition Responsive
Gastritis is when the lining of the stomach becomes inflamed or swollen. This usually happens after the stomach lining has been damaged. Gastritis that is long-lasting or recurring is known as chronic gastritis.Chronic gastritis is one of the most common chronic conditions and can last for years or even a lifetime if left untreated. A wide range of different conditions and factors are known to cause or contribute to the development of chronic gastritis.Resolving mild cases of gastritis can often be through the use of medication and lifestyle changes. However, for some people with severe chronic gastritis, a cure may not be possible, and the focus of treatment will be on managing the symptoms.In this article, we look at the symptoms, causes, risk factors, and possible complications of chronic gastritis. We also cover when to see a doctor, diagnosis, treatment, and lifestyle and dietary changes.Share on PinterestIndigestion, nausea, bloating, and a burning feeling in the stomach can be symptoms of chronic gastritis. People with minor cases of gastritis that are caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori may not always notice any symptoms.However, most people with chronic gastritis experience a variety of symptoms, including:indigestiona burning or gnawing feeling in the stomachthe sensation of being full after eating a small amountnausea and vomitingbelchingunintentional weight lossbloatingloss of appetiteupper abdominal pain or discomfortbleeding, usually only in erosive gastritisGastritis is termed “erosive” if the stomach lining has been worn away, exposing the tissue to stomach acids.Chronic gastritis refers to a group of conditions that cause chronic inflammation of the mucosal lining of the stomach.There are many different causes of chronic gastritis, but most cases are related to one of the following:H. pylori bacterial infectionH. pylori bacterial infection is the most common cause of gastritis worldwide. Many people first become infected during childhood, but not everyone experiences symptoms.While H. pylori infection can cause both acute and chronic gastritis, it is not often associated with erosive gastritis.Researchers think H. pylori spreads through infected food, water, salvia and other bodily fluids.Damage to the stomach liningDamage to the stomach lining can lead to chronic inflammation. Causes of this include:overuse or long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen and naproxenexcessive alcohol consumptionchronic stressinjuries and impactexposure to radiationrecurring bile reflux from the small intestinecocaine useAutoimmune conditionsIn people with autoimmune gastritis, their immune system attacks the stomach lining for no apparent reason. Autoimmune gastritis is usually chronic but non-erosive.In some people, autoimmune gastritis may be linked to chronic or severe H. pylori infection.Other causesLess common causes of chronic gastritis include:Share on PinterestRisk factors for chronic gastritis include diets high in fat, oil, salt, and preservatives.Possible risk factors for chronic gastritis include:diets high in salt or preservativesdiets high in fat and oil, especially saturated and trans fatssmokinglong-term consumption of alcoholconditions that weaken the immune systemcocaine uselong-term use of NSAIDs and some other medicationslong-term use of medications for acid reflux and indigestionIf properly treated, acute cases of gastritis are rarely associated with complications. However, people may experience serious health complications if they have severe or untreated chronic gastritis.Erosive gastritis can cause peptic ulcers. Once an ulcer has formed, they can progressively degrade the surrounding tissues, widening and enlarging themselves. Severe ulcers may eventually cause internal bleeding, which can be life-threatening if left untreated.Other possible complications of chronic gastritis include:anemia caused by iron deficiencyanemia caused by internal bleedingvitamin B-12 deficiencyabnormal stomach growths, such as polyps and tumorsPeople with symptoms of gastritis should see a doctor if the symptoms:are severelast for more than a weekdo not respond to treatment or lifestyle adjustmentsInternal bleeding requires immediate medical attention. Signs of internal bleeding can include:dizzinessunexplained weaknesspalenessblack, tarry stoolsred, fresh-looking blood in the stoolred blood in vomit or vomiting bloodunexplained drowsinessdifficulty breathing or swallowingconfusionpassing outDoctors use a wide range of tests and tools to diagnose chronic gastritis, including:medical historyphysical examstool tests to check for both H. pylori and signs of bleedingendoscopy when a camera on a tube is put down the throat into the stomachblood testsX-raysurea breath test to check for H. pylori infectionsTreatment depends on the type, cause, and severity of gastritis.Gastritis caused by H. pylori infections is usually treated with a combination of antacids and antibiotics, even if the infection is not causing any symptoms.People will often need to take supplements or make dietary adjustments to prevent complications if their chronic gastritis is causing nutritional deficiencies.Most gastritis medications focus on reducing the amount of acid in the stomach.Common acid-reducing medications include:Antacids. Antacids typically contain magnesium, calcium, sodium, or aluminum salts that can help neutralize stomach acids. Antacids can sometimes cause constipation or diarrhea and other side effects.Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs). These reduce the amount of acid the stomach produces. People can buy low-strength versions of lansoprazole and omeprazole over the counter, but most PPIs are only available on prescription.H2 blockers. H2 blockers are antihistamines that can help reduce stomach acid production. Most types of H2 blockers are available in both over-the-counter and prescription strengths.Share on PinterestGastritis may be prevented or treated by eating a diet rich in whole fruits and vegetables.Regardless of the cause or severity of symptoms, making dietary and lifestyle adjustments may help treat gastritis or prevent it occurring.Common dietary suggestions for people with chronic gastritis include:avoiding or reducing alcohol consumptionavoiding spicy foodsavoiding rich, oily, or fried foodsavoiding acidic foods, especially citrus fruits and juiceseating smaller meals but more frequentlyreducing salt consumptioneating less red meatEating a healthy, balanced diet rich in antioxidants, fiber, and probiotics may also help. You find these substances in foods such as:whole fruits and vegetableswhole-grain breads, cereals, rice, and pastafermented products, including yogurt, kefir, sourdough bread, sauerkraut, and kimchilean proteins, including chicken, fish, beans, legumes, nuts, and seedsSome people with chronic gastritis may also find benefit from eating foods with anti-bacterial properties, such as:garliccumingingerturmericcranberriespeppersmild curriesCommon lifestyle changes recommended for people with chronic gastritis include:quitting smokingavoiding or reducing the use of NSAIDs, sometimes by talking to a doctor about other medicationspracticing good food and personal hygiene, including washing the hands frequentlyexercising regularlydrinking plenty of water to stay hydratedmanaging stress and pain with relaxation techniques and practices, such as meditation, yoga, controlled breathing, and acupunctureChronic gastritis can cause pain and discomfort and lead to serious complications if left untreated. People should see their doctor if they have symptoms of chronic gastritis.Management of chronic gastritis involves treating any underlying conditions, taking medications to counteract stomach acid, and making lifestyle and dietary changes.
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