You are searching about Which Characteristic Helps The Nurse To Distinguish Involuntary Rigidity, today we will share with you article about Which Characteristic Helps The Nurse To Distinguish Involuntary Rigidity was compiled and edited by our team from many sources on the internet. Hope this article on the topic Which Characteristic Helps The Nurse To Distinguish Involuntary Rigidity is useful to you.
Which Characteristic Helps The Nurse To Distinguish Involuntary Rigidity
Tetanus, also called lockjaw, is a serious infection caused by Clostridium tetani. This bacterium produces a toxin that affects the brain and nervous system, leading to stiffness in the muscles.If Clostridium tetani spores are deposited in a wound, the neurotoxin interferes with nerves that control muscle movement.The infection can cause severe muscle spasms, serious breathing difficulties, and can ultimately be fatal. Although tetanus treatment exists, it is not uniformly effective. The best way to protect against tetanus is to take the vaccine.Tetanus is a serious bacterial infection.The bacteria exist in soil, manure, and other environmental agents. A person who experiences a puncture wound with a contaminated object can develop the infection, which can affect the whole body. It can be fatal.In the United States, there are about 30 cases a year. These are mostly people who have not been vaccinated against tetanus or who have not kept up their booster shots every 10 years.Tetanus is a medical emergency. It will need aggressive wound treatment and antibiotics. Tetanus symptoms usually emerge about 7 to 10 days after initial infection. However, this can vary from 4 days to about 3 weeks, and may, in some cases, may take months. In general, the further the injury site is from the central nervous system, the longer the incubation period. Patients with shorter incubation times tend to have more severe symptoms. Muscle symptoms include spasms and stiffness. Stiffness usually starts with the chewing muscles, hence the name lockjaw. Muscle spasms then spread to the neck and throat, causing difficulties with swallowing. Patients often have spasms in their facial muscles. Breathing difficulties may result from neck and chest muscle stiffness. In some people, abdominal and limb muscles are also affected. In severe cases, the spine will arch backward as the back muscles become affected. This is more common when children experience a tetanus infection. Most individuals with tetanus will also have the following symptoms: bloody stoolsdiarrheafeverheadachesensitivity to touchsore throatsweatingrapid heartbeat Any cut or wound must be thoroughly cleaned to prevent infection. A tetanus-prone wound should be treated by a medical professional immediately. A wound likely to develop tetanus is defined as: a wound or burn that requires surgical intervention that is delayed for over 6 hoursa wound or burn that has a considerable amount of removed tissueany puncture-type injury that has been in contact with manure or soilserious fractures where the bone is exposed to infection, such as compound fractureswounds or burns in patients with systemic sepsis Any patient with a wound listed above should receive tetanus immunoglobulin (TIG) as soon as possible, even if they have been vaccinated. Tetanus immunoglobulin contains antibodies that kill Clostridium tetani. It is injected into a vein and provides immediate short-term protection against tetanus. TIG is just short-term and does not replace the long-term effects of vaccination. Experts say that TIG injections can be safely administered to pregnant and breastfeeding mothers. Doctors may prescribe penicillin or metronidazole for tetanus treatment. These antibiotics prevent the bacterium from multiplying and producing the neurotoxin that causes muscle spasms and stiffness. Patients who are allergic to penicillin or metronidazole may be given tetracycline instead. In treating muscle spasms and stiffness, patients may be prescribed: Anticonvulsants, such as diazepam (Valium), relax the muscles to prevent spasms, reduce anxiety, and work as a sedative.Muscle relaxants, such as baclofen, suppress nerve signals from the brain to the spinal cord, resulting in less muscle tension.Neuromuscular blocking agentsblock the signals from nerves to muscle fibers and are useful in controlling muscle spasms. They include pancuronium and vecuronium.Surgery If the doctor thinks the tetanus prone wound is very large, they may surgically remove as much of the damaged and infected muscle as possible (debridement). Debridement is the act of removing dead or contaminated tissue, or foreign material. In the case of a tetanus-prone wound, the foreign material may be dirt or manure. Nutrition A patient with tetanus requires a high daily calorie intake because of increased muscle activity. Ventilator Some patients may need ventilator support to help with breathing if their vocal cords or respiratory muscles are affected. Tetanus is caused by the Clostridium tetani bacterium.Clostridium tetani spores are able to survive for a long time outside of the body. They are most commonly found in animal manure and contaminated soil, but may exist virtually anywhere.When Clostridium tetani enter the body, they multiply rapidly and release tetanospasmin, a neurotoxin. When tetanospasmin enters the bloodstream, it rapidly spreads around the body, causing tetanus symptoms.Tetanospasmin interferes with the signals traveling from the brain to the nerves in the spinal cord, and then on to the muscles, causing muscle spasms and stiffness.Clostridium tetani enters the body mainly through skin cut or puncture wounds. Thoroughly cleaning any cut helps prevent an infection from developing.Common ways of contracting tetanus include:wounds that have been contaminated with saliva or fecesburnscrush injurieswounds that include dead tissuepuncture woundsRare ways of contracting tetanus include:surgical proceduressuperficial woundsinsect bitescompound fracturesintravenous drug useinjections into the muscledental infectionsMost cases of tetanus occur in people who have never had the vaccine or who did not have a booster shot within the previous decade.VaccinationThe tetanus vaccine is routinely given to children as part of the diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis (DTaP) shot.The DTaP vaccine consists of five shots, usually given in the arm or thigh of children when they are aged:2 months4 months6 months15 to 18 months4 to 6 yearsA booster is normally given between the ages of 11 and 18 years, and then another booster every 10 years. If an individual is traveling to an area where tetanus is common, they should check with a doctor regarding vaccinations.Do I need a tetanus shot?Anyone who receives a deep or dirty wound and has not had a booster shot over the last 5 years should have another booster.A patient in this situation may also be given tetanus immune globulin, which works to prevent infection. It is important that medical attention is sought swiftly as tetanus immune globulin only works for a short time after the injury.In many countries, the average doctor may never see a patient with tetanus. This is because the tetanus vaccine is part of childhood immunization and the infection has become rare. In the U.S. in 2009, for example, there were only 19 reported cases of tetanus.The earlier a patient is diagnosed with tetanus, the more effective the treatment will be. A patient with muscle spasms and stiffness who has recently had a wound or cut is usually diagnosed quickly.Diagnosis may take longer with patients who inject drugs because they often have other medical conditions. They made need a blood test for confirmation.Anybody who experiences muscle spasms and stiffness should seek medical attention immediately.If the patient does not receive treatment, the risk of life-threatening complications is higher. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), currently tetanus has a roughly 11% mortality rate. Complications may include:Fractures: Sometimes, in severe cases, the muscle spasms and convulsions may lead to bone fractures.Aspiration pneumonia: If secretions or contents of the stomach are inhaled, a lower respiratory tract infection can develop, leading to pneumonia.Laryngospasm: The voice box goes into a spasm which can last up to a minute and cause breathing difficulties. In severe cases, the patient can suffocate.Tetanic seizures: If infection spreads to the brain, the person with tetanus can experience fits.Pulmonary embolism: A blood vessel in the lung can become blocked and affect breathing and circulation. The patient will urgently need oxygen therapy and anti-clotting medication.Severe kidney failure (acute renal failure): Severe muscle spasms can result in the destruction of skeletal muscle which can cause a muscle protein to leak into the urine. This can cause severe kidney failure.
Video about Which Characteristic Helps The Nurse To Distinguish Involuntary Rigidity
Decerebrate vs Decorticate Posturing Rigidity Mnemonic & Pictures Nursing NCLEX
Decerebrate and decorticate posturing rigidity NCLEX review with mnemonic and pictures on how to tell the difference between the two conditions.
Decorticate vs decerebrate posturing are two ABNORMAL types of rigidity associated with a brain injury.
Let’s look at the difference between the two:
Decorticate posturing: this is a type of flexed posturing and can indicate damage to the cerebral hemispheres.
There will be adduction and flexion of arms and hands will be closed shut (flexed). The legs will be rotated internally and feet plantar flexed.
Mnemonic for decorticate posturing: Remember the letters COR in the word decorticate for the word “core”. The patient will bring their ARMS to the core of the body (middle).
Decerebrate posturing: this is a type of extended posturing and can indicate damage to the brain stem. This is the worst type of posturing between the two.
There will be adduction and extension of the arms and pronation of the hands and fingers will be flexed along with extended legs and plantar flexion of the feet.
Decerebrate posturing: Look at all the E’s in this word. There are a lot of them, so remember the word EXTENDED. The arms are going to be extended rather than flexed.
Notes: http://www.registerednursern.com/decerebrate-vs-decorticate-mnemonic-review/
More Neuro Reviews: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQrdx7rRsKfVPDxuXWcpmg42nNXdjA9FD
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/RegisteredNurseRNs
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/registerednursern_com/
Subscribe: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=registerednursern
Nursing School Supplies: http://www.registerednursern.com/the-ultimate-list-of-nursing-medical-supplies-and-items-a-new-nurse-student-nurse-needs-to-buy/
Popular Playlists:
NCLEX Reviews: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQrdx7rRsKfWtwCDmLHyX2UeHofCIcgo0
Fluid & Electrolytes: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQrdx7rRsKfWJSZ9pL8L3Q1dzdlxUzeKv
Nursing Skills: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQrdx7rRsKfUhd_qQYEbp0Eab3uUKhgKb
Nursing School Study Tips: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQrdx7rRsKfWBO40qeDmmaMwMHJEWc9Ms
Nursing School Tips & Questions » https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQrdx7rRsKfVQok-t1X5ZMGgQr3IMBY9M
Teaching Tutorials: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQrdx7rRsKfUkW_DpJekN_Y0lFkVNFyVF
Types of Nursing Specialties: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQrdx7rRsKfW8dRD72gUFa5W7XdfoxArp
Healthcare Salary Information: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQrdx7rRsKfVN0vmEP59Tx2bIaB_3Qhdh
New Nurse Tips: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQrdx7rRsKfVTqH6LIoAD2zROuzX9GXZy
Nursing Career Help: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQrdx7rRsKfVXjptWyvj2sx1k1587B_pj
EKG Teaching Tutorials: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQrdx7rRsKfU-A9UTclI0tOYrNJ1N5SNt
Dosage & Calculations for Nurses: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQrdx7rRsKfUYdl0TZQ0Tc2-hLlXlHNXq
Diabetes Health Managment: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQrdx7rRsKfXtEx17D7zC1efmWIX-iIs9
Question about Which Characteristic Helps The Nurse To Distinguish Involuntary Rigidity
If you have any questions about Which Characteristic Helps The Nurse To Distinguish Involuntary Rigidity, please let us know, all your questions or suggestions will help us improve in the following articles!
The article Which Characteristic Helps The Nurse To Distinguish Involuntary Rigidity was compiled by me and my team from many sources. If you find the article Which Characteristic Helps The Nurse To Distinguish Involuntary Rigidity helpful to you, please support the team Like or Share!
Rate Articles Which Characteristic Helps The Nurse To Distinguish Involuntary Rigidity
Rate: 4-5 stars
Ratings: 1469
Views: 49893930
Search keywords Which Characteristic Helps The Nurse To Distinguish Involuntary Rigidity
Which Characteristic Helps The Nurse To Distinguish Involuntary Rigidity
way Which Characteristic Helps The Nurse To Distinguish Involuntary Rigidity
tutorial Which Characteristic Helps The Nurse To Distinguish Involuntary Rigidity
Which Characteristic Helps The Nurse To Distinguish Involuntary Rigidity free
