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What Is The Difference Between Autism And Autism Spectrum Disorder
In the past, doctors diagnosed autism according to four different subtypes of the condition. However, healthcare professionals now classify autism spectrum disorder as one broad category with three different levels to specify the degree of support an autistic person needs.Before 2013, healthcare professionals defined the four types of autism as:However, the American Psychiatric Association revised their Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) in 2013, which did not include these four subtypes of autism. They now all fall under the one umbrella term of ASD.Keep reading to learn more about how we categorize ASD, including the various levels, and how doctors diagnose the condition.ASD is now the umbrella term for the group of complex neurodevelopmental disorders that make up autism. It is a condition that affects communication and behavior. The autism spectrum refers to the variety of potential differences, skills, and levels of ability that are present in autistic people.According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), around 1 in 54 children in the United States are on the autism spectrum.The differences in autistic people are often present from early childhood and can impact daily functioning. Autistic people can experience the following challenges: having trouble communicating and interacting with othersexhibiting repetitive behaviorshaving difficulty functioning in several areas of their lifeDifferences in people with ASD generally appear in the first 2 years of life. It is also three to four times more common in boys than in girls, although some research indicates this could be due to bias, as some autistic girls may go undiagnosed.The DSM–5 lists the two main symptom categories of ASD as a persistent deficit in social communication, interaction, or both, along with restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior.According to the National Institute of Mental Health, early signs of ASD can include:little or inconsistent eye contactnot sharing enjoyment of objects or activities by pointing or showing things to othersdifficulty responding to adult attempts to gain attentiondifficulty with back and forth communicationtalking at length without gauging the interest of others a flat tone of voicedifficulty with perspective-takingsensory sensitivitiesrepeating certain behaviors, words, or phrasesintense interests in specific thingsbecoming upset by changes in routineproblems sleeping While autistic people may face many challenges, they may also have differences that many would consider strengths. These include:superior memory for facts and figuresspecialist knowledge in topics of interesthigh level of motivation and enthusiasm in activities of interest, with a drive to share this enjoyment and enthusiasm with othersa high degree of accuracy in various tasksinnovative approaches to problem solvingexceptional attention to detailability to follow instructions accurately, under appropriate guidanceexceptional skills in creative skillsability to see the world from an alternative perspective and therefore offer unique insightsa tendency to be nonjudgmental, honest, and loyal in social relationshipsa unique sense of humorMedical professionals can carry out screening for autism in the first few years of a child’s life. Doctors diagnose ASD by assessing the differences and signs listed above, interacting with the child or observing interactions between the child and parent or caregiver, and asking parents and caregivers questions.There were previously four different types of autism. However, the DSM–5 now lists three different levels of ASD, which doctors determine according to the amount of support an individual requires. However, it is important to note that many mental health professionals do not find these levels helpful, instead preferring to diagnose people with autism based on the spectrum as a whole rather than classifying them using levels.The three levels of ASD are:Level 1: Requiring supportThe communication issues that a person with Level 1 ASD may face include:difficulty initiating social interactionsatypical or unsuccessful response to social interaction from othersdecreased interest in social interactions in some casesthe ability to speak in clear sentences and engage in communication, but with an issue maintaining a two-way conversation with othersdifficulty making friendsThe repetitive behavioral issues a person with Level 1 ASD may face include:inflexible behavior that interferes with general functioning in one or more contextsproblems switching between activitiesissues with organization and planning, which can impact independenceLevel 2: Requiring substantial supportThe communication issues that a person with Level 2 ASD may face include:noticeable issues with verbal and nonverbal social communication skillssocial issues being apparent despite supports in placelimited initiation of social interactionreduced response to social interactions from othersinteractions that are limited to narrow special interestsmore significant differences in nonverbal communicationThe repetitive behavioral issues a person with Level 2 ASD may face include:inflexible behaviorstruggling to cope with changerestricted or repetitive behaviors that are obvious to a casual observer and interfere with functioning in several contextsdifficulty changing focus or actionLevel 3: Requiring very substantial supportThe communication issues a person with Level 3 ASD may face include:severe issues in both verbal and nonverbal social communication, which severely impair functioningvery limited initiation of social interactionsminimal response to social interaction from othersusing few words of intelligible speechunusual methods of meeting social needs and responding to only very direct approachesThe repetitive behavioral issues a person with Level 3 ASD may face include:inflexible behaviorextreme difficulty coping with changerestricted or repetitive behaviors that significantly interfere with functioning in all areas of lifeexperiencing great distress or difficulty when changing focus or actionLearn more about the levels of autism here.The levels of ASD correspond to the severity of the autism symptoms described above and the degree of support required. In addition, it is important to keep in mind that the amount of support an autistic person needs can vary according to different ages or situations.Numerous therapies and behavioral interventions can help improve the specific challenges that autistic people face.Healthcare professionals often recommend that ASD therapies begin as soon as possible after a child receives their diagnosis. Early intervention can reduce their difficulties, allowing them to adapt and learn new skills.Management strategies for ASD may include:educational and developmental therapybehavioral therapy to help learn life skills and overcome other challengesspeech, language, and occupational therapy to help with social, communication, and language skillsmedication to tackle accompanying mental health issues, such as irritability, aggression, repetitive behavior, hyperactivity, attention issues, anxiety, and depressionpsychotherapy to help a person increase or build upon their strengthssupplements or changes in dietIt is important to note that ASD is a spectrum disorder, meaning people can experience a varying range of these differences. After an ASD diagnosis, many children go on to live productive, independent, and fulfilling lives.ASD is a developmental disorder. It is now the umbrella term that includes all of the four former types of autism. These former types are ASD, Asperger’s syndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder, and pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified.ASD is a spectrum disorder that doctors diagnose in levels, depending on how many of the differences are present in individuals. While people on the severe end of the spectrum may require help and assistance to function and manage their lives, with the right support, many autistic people can live productive, independent, and fulfilling lives.
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Difference Between Autism and Asperger Syndrome
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