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One Of The Primary Characteristics Of Autism Spectrum Disorder Is

Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects social interaction, behavior, and communication.Autistic individuals vary widely in their strengths and need for support. For this reason, people often refer to autism as autism spectrum disorder (ASD).The features of autism often appear in the early years. Autism is not a disease, but early intervention can equip children to manage some of the specific challenges they may face in the wider world.In the United States, about 1 in 54 children are on the autism spectrum, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).ASD is an umbrella term that includes a range of neurodevelopmental features. Autism is not a disease, but it can have a significant impact on a person’s life. Its effects can vary widely. Some people will need lifelong support, while others can live and work independently.In some cases, the features of the condition may be present from infancy. In others, the signs may become more obvious as the individual becomes older.Parents or caregivers may notice that a young child:does not babble by the age of 12 months or produce words by 16 monthsdoes not respond when people talk to them but reacts to other sounds does not make eye contactlines up toys or objects excessivelydoes not want to be cuddleddoes not play with others or play make-believe gamesLearn more about the signs of autism in a 3-year-old.An older child may:have difficulty starting conversations have difficulty making friends and interacting with othersuse repetitive or atypical languagebe uncomfortable with changes to their routinebe extremely passionate about specific topics or objectsASD can affect a person’s way of perceiving the world. The person may be hypersensitive to some stimuli, such as light, sound, and taste, leading to the overstimulation of one or more senses. This is called sensory overload.It can make everyday experiences, such as going to a shopping mall, confusing and overwhelming.Other people may notice that the person with ASD has:atypical speech patterns and tone of voicelate development of speech skillsdifficulty maintaining or responding to conversationlimited eye contactlimited response to social interaction repetitive speech and behavior patternsdifficulty in understanding other people’s feelings and expressing their ownThe individual may also show repetitive behaviors, such as: hyperfocus on a specific topic, such as cars or train timetablesa preoccupation with particular objects, such as a toy or household itemrepetitive movements, such as rocking from side to sidelining up or arranging toys or objects in an orderly wayneeding to go through a predictable routine each dayFor an autistic person, a break in routine, an unexpected event, or exposure to loud, overstimulating environments can be overwhelming. Such situations can lead to outbursts of anger, frustration, distress, sadness, or shutdown that others may misinterpret as “bad” behavior.Approximately 1 in 10 autistic people show signs of savant syndrome, in which a person has extraordinary abilities in a particular field. Their skill could be playing a musical instrument, calculating complex sums at high speed, or memorizing vast amounts of knowledge.Autistic people may also have a higher risk of other conditions, such as: How does autism affect adults? Find out here.The features of autism often appear during early childhood, and a reliable diagnosis is usually possible at the age of 2 years. However, many people do not receive a diagnosis until much later. Sometimes, having an early diagnosis helps enable a child to get support during their developmental years that will benefit them throughout their life.The features of autism vary widely, but if a parent or caregiver has concerns about a child’s reactions or behavior, they should seek help and advice.There is no one test for autism, but doctors and psychologists will use behavioral assessments, questionnaires, observations, and criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5) to determine whether ASD is present.They will also need to rule out other possible causes of some behaviors and symptoms seen in ASD, such as hearing loss.Are online tests useful for assessing autism? Find out here.ASD is a lifelong condition, but various interventions can help people manage the challenges they may face.Medication and therapy can help withspeech developmentsocial interactionepilepsydepressionOCDsleep disturbancesbehavioral challengesA multidisciplinary team comprising ASD specialists, speech therapists, teachers, and psychologists can work with the individual and their parents or caregivers to provide support.People with ASD need varying levels of support. Learn more here.Strategies and skillsAutistic people may behave in ways that appear unusual to others. In fact, these behaviors — for example, performing a repetitive movement — are most likely to be strategies for helping them cope when they feel overwhelmed.These behaviors may be ways for a person to: protect themselves from an environment that feels overwhelmingmanage their emotions establish a sense of orderNeurotypical people may not understand these reactions, which can lead to the person feeling isolated and distressed.Parents, caregivers, and others can maximize a child’s quality of life by learning about ASD and providing support.For instance, they can help by:learning how ASD affects the childaccepting that while an autistic person may be different than a neurotypical person, they are still a complete person with their own strengths and weaknessesbeing consistent in routines and rulesbuilding on the child’s strengths and interestsresearching and building up a support networkfollowing routines where possibleplanning and preparing for changes in advanceavoiding overstimulating environments where possible or introducing them graduallyencouraging cooperative behavior by setting limits and offering choiceslistening to autistic people who speak and write about their experiences They can also work with the child to find out:what triggers a reactionwhat reactions are likely to occur and whenwhat they enjoy and dislikehow they best communicatehow they prefer to learnwhat their strengths and weaknesses areABA therapy is a popular therapy for autistic children. Learn about it here.Researchers are still trying to find out why ASD occurs.Factors that may play a role include: genetic featuresenvironmental factors early disruption of brain growthpreterm birthbeing male, as ASD affects about four times as many males as femaleshaving a twin who is autisticResearchers have found no evidence that vaccinations or parenting practices contribute to the condition.The autism spectrum covers several disorders with a wide range of features. Each autistic person is unique, and no single definition can describe an individual or predict how their life will be.Some people will have high support needs throughout their life, while others will live independently, attend college, and be high achievers.ASD is a lifelong condition, but support and therapies can help autistic people manage the varied challenges that they can face.Parents or caregivers who suspect that a child may have signs of autism can help by seeking professional advice as soon as possible. Early intervention can help maximize the chances of an autistic individual achieving their full potential.COVID-19 may pose additional challenges to people with ASD. Here, get some tips on how to cope.Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental condition that can affect how a person reacts to and relates to the world around them. The impact of autism varies widely among individuals. Some autistic people live independently, while others need lifelong care and support.Current therapies include occupational therapy and speech therapy. Various other forms of support are also available.

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