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Hypothyroidism during adulthood can produce which of the following disorders?

a) Acromegaly

b) Graves’ Disease

c) Hypoglycemia

d) Cushing’s syndrome

e) Myxedema

The correct option is (e).

a) Acromegaly can be defined as an enlargement of the body’s extremities such as hands, feet, and face. It is mainly caused by the overproduction or excessive secretion of growth hormone by the pituitary gland. In hypothyroidism, there is a deficiency of thyroid hormone due to low activity of the thyroid gland. Thus, hypothyroidism does not produce acromegaly. Hence, this is an incorrect option.

b) Graves disease is an immune system disorder that causes overproduction or excessive secretion of thyroid hormone, resulting in hyperthyroidism. Thus, hypothyroidism does not produce Graves disease. Hence, this is an incorrect option.

c) Hypoglycemia is a condition in which the level of blood glucose falls below its normal range. It is mainly caused by excessive secretion of the insulin hormone (responsible for lowering blood glucose levels) by the pancreas. Thus, hypothyroidism does not produce hypoglycemia. Hence, this is an incorrect option.

d) Cushing’s syndrome is mainly caused by the presence of large amounts of cortisol hormone (secreted by the adrenal glands). Thus, hypothyroidism does not produce Cushing’s syndrome. Hence, this is an incorrect option.

e) Myxedema (severely advanced hypothyroidism) is a condition in which the thyroid gland fails to produce enough thyroid hormone. This leads to low levels of thyroid hormone in the body which is also called hypothyroidism. It is more common in women and elder people. Thus, hypothyroidism causes myxedema. Hence, this is the correct option.

Hypothyroidism and Myxedema

Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) is a condition in which your thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough of certain important hormones. Women, especially those older than age 60, are more likely to have hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism upsets the normal balance of chemical reactions in your body. It seldom causes symptoms in the early stages, but, over time, untreated hypothyroidism can cause a number of health problems, such as obesity, joint pain, infertility and heart disease.

Myxoedema is a term used synonymously with severe hypothyroidism. It is also used to describe a dermatological change that can occur in hypothyroidism, and some forms of hyperthyroidism.

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