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A Major Concern Regarding The Toxicity Of Prescription Sedative-Hypnotics Is
Benzodiazepines are a class of drugs that can treat a range of conditions. Doctors often prescribe them to treat anxiety, seizures, and insomnia.The short-term use of these medications is usually safe and effective, but long-term use can lead to tolerance, dependence, and other adverse effects. There are different types of benzodiazepines, and they have different uses. They include: Taking too much of a benzodiazepine can be dangerous, and mixing it with alcohol or other substances can be fatal.This article looks at how benzodiazepines work, their uses, and the related side effects and risks.Benzodiazepines alter the activity of the neurons that trigger stress and anxiety reactions. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have approved them for the treatment of:The type of benzodiazepine will determine the potential uses. Doctors may also prescribe these drugs off-label for various other conditions and issues, including:They may also use them in preparation for some medical procedures.Benzodiazepines work by enhancing the effect of a neurotransmitter known as gamma-aminobutyric acid, or GABA.Neurotransmitters are chemicals that communicate messages between brain cells. These messages can have either a stimulating or a calming effect. GABA is a neurotransmitter that sends calming messages to the body.When a person feels anxious, overstimulation occurs in the brain. When people take benzodiazepines, the brain will send messages to counter this overstimulation. This activity can reduce the symptoms of anxiety.There are many different benzodiazepines. They differ in terms of potency, how quickly the body absorbs them, and their uses.This table shows some examples and their uses:The side effects of benzodiazepine use may include:drowsinessconfusiondizzinessimpaired coordination, increasing the risk of falls and accidentsdepressionincreased anxietyMore serious effects include:memory problemsbehavioral changes — for example, increased risk takingdelirium, especially in older peoplerisk of dependence, especially with long-term usepossibly an increased risk of dementia, although scientists are unsure of thisA wide range of withdrawal symptoms can occur when stopping benzodiazepines. They include: anxiety and panicagitation and restlessnesstremorsdizzinessfatiguesleep problemsshortness of breathsweatingflushingtremorsmuscle crampsseizureshallucinationsgastrointestinal problemsfeelings of unrealityheadaches and muscle painExperts do not recommend using benzodiazepines for more than 2 weeks. A person who uses them for 3–4 weeks and then stops suddenly is likely to experience withdrawal symptoms. People who use them in the long term may need to withdraw their use over a 3–12 month period that their doctor should oversee.It is essential to follow the doctor’s instructions for stopping the use of these drugs. Stopping slowly with professional help can prevent unwanted effects.What happens when you stop taking benzodiazepines? Find out here.OverdoseA benzodiazepine overdose can lead to: extreme sedation or drowsinessa very low breathing rateconfusion and difficulty thinkingslurred speechloss of muscle controla coma It can be fatal if a person:uses the drugs with alcohol or opioidsis older and takes too much of the drugis taking other drugs, and the effects build up in their body Anyone who shows signs of an overdose or an adverse reaction after taking benzodiazepines will need emergency medical help.Before starting treatment with benzodiazepines, a person must tell their doctor about every other medication that they are using. Some drugs may intensify the effects of benzodiazepines, while others may make them less effective.It is essential not to use benzodiazepines with opioids or alcohol, as this can lead to life threatening effects. People should also never combine them with cannabis use.Benzodiazepine misuse is a cause for concern. Some people use these drugs for recreational purposes without the supervision of a medical professional, which can be dangerous.People can avoid potentially life threatening problems by:using these drugs only if a doctor prescribes themtelling the doctor about any medications or other substances, including supplements, that they are takingfollowing the doctor’s instructions preciselyavoiding using the drugs for longer than the doctor prescribesasking the doctor before changing the dosagerefraining from using them alongside alcohol or opioidsrefraining from using another person’s drugskeeping all drugs out of the reach of childrenconsidering asking the doctor about alternative optionsBenzodiazepines can help treat some mental health and neurological conditions, but it is essential to use them with care.A person should always tell their doctor about any other drugs that they are using and seek medical help at once if any unexpected reactions occur.Anyone who has concerns about their prescription for a benzodiazepine can ask their doctor about alternative options.
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Sedative and Hypnotic Drugs: Overview – CNS Pharmacology | Lecturio
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